The List Universe published "10 Developments That Changed The Face Of Computing". They are (in reverse order of importance): the Web, Photoshop, VisiCalc, WordStar, CP/M, EMACS, Unix, C, Smalltalk, Xerox Alto Operating System.
So the Xerox Alto OS changed the face of computing the most, followed by Smalltalk. Both from the early seventies. Read more ...